Minimum Wage in California Research Paper Free Essays

The lowest pay permitted by law is the base hourly, every day or month to month wage that must be paid to representatives or laborers. Every nation sets its own lowest pay permitted by law laws and guidelines, and in excess of 90 percent of all nations have a lowest pay permitted by law enactment. In the United States, legal least wages were first presented broadly in 1938 (Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia). We will compose a custom paper test on The lowest pay permitted by law in California Research Paper or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The lowest pay permitted by law was instituted in 1938 as a feature of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The main the lowest pay permitted by law was .25 60 minutes. This has expanded throughout the years and the ebb and flow government the lowest pay permitted by law is $5.15 60 minutes (Minimum Wage from http://jobsearch.about.com/od/minimumwage/a/minimumwage.htm) California least wages depends on their law to be executed and forced for the business to follow for the security of both the representative and the business. Body of the Paper The California State Senate and Assembly have affirmed enactment that would give 1.4 million the lowest pay permitted by law workers a $1-an-hour raise and lift yearly compensation to stay aware of swelling. The Federal Minimum Wage Labor Law for California expressed that representatives under 20 years old might be paid $4.25 every hour during their initial 90 back to back schedule long stretches of work with a business. Certain full-time understudies, understudy students, disciples, and laborers with incapacities might be paid not exactly the lowest pay permitted by law under uncommon declarations gave by the Department of Labor. California law is exacting and savage to managers who have inappropriately paid the laborers under $6.75 every hour. Not just that a businesses qualified for pay the unpaid the lowest pay permitted by law pay, yet additionally the intrigue and punishments too. In any case, the option to gather unpaid the lowest pay permitted by law pay doesn't keep going forever. Truth be told, if u delays in asserting the unpaid wages, you danger of losing unpaid the lowest pay permitted by law for work happening over three years before your recording of a claim. Despite the fact that there are a few special cases, in light of the fact that practically all representatives in California must be paid the lowest pay permitted by law as required by state law. Powerful January 1, 2002, the lowest pay permitted by law in California is $6.75 every hour. There are a few workers who are absolved from the lowest pay permitted by law, for example, outside salespersons, people who are the parent, mate, or offspring of the business, and students normally obligated under the State Division of Apprenticeship Standards. (The lowest pay permitted by law Order, MW-2001). California Wage Law has a special case for students, paying little heed to age, who might be paid at least 85 percent of the lowest pay permitted by law adjusted to the closest nickel during their first 160 hours of work in quite a while in which they have no past comparative or related understanding. There are likewise exemptions for representatives who are intellectually or truly debilitated, or both, and for philanthropic associations, for example, shielded workshops or restoration offices that utilize handicapped laborers. Such people and associations might be given a unique permit by the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement approving work at a compensation not exactly the lawful the lowest pay permitted by law (Minimum Wage Labor Code Sections 1191 and 1191.5). The lowest pay permitted by law enactment might be deciphered as making it either unlawful for businesses to pay laborers not exactly the lowest pay permitted by law, or unlawful for laborers to give work or administrations to not exactly the base. White worker's guilds campaigned for the acquaintance of the lowest pay permitted by law laws with prohibit dark specialists from the work advertise. This lowest pay permitted by law keeps dark specialists from selling their work for not exactly white laborers, the dark laborers were kept from seeking occupations held by whites in spite of the fact that the business is fined and additionally detained for infringement, and the laborers likewise loses their opportunity to do what they need for themselves. The lowest pay permitted by law offers significant advantages to low-wage laborers without negative impact. The best ongoing examination demonstrated that the activity misfortune revealed in before investigations doesn't; happen when the lowest pay permitted by law is expanded. On the off chance that the lowest pay permitted by law were expanded broadly to $7.25: practically 14.9 million laborers would get a raise, and 80 percent of those influenced are grown-ups age 20 or over, and 7.3 million youngsters would see their parent’s pay rise that can make the family’s pay stable. Families with influenced laborers depend on those laborers for over portion of their earnings.46 percent of all families with influenced laborers depend exclusively on the profit from those laborers. Some lowest pay permitted by law laborers stay in low-wage occupations for generous periods. The best late exploration on the financial effect of the lowest pay permitted by law shows constructive outcomes without work misfortune. Indeed, even the exploration that recommends a negative work advertise impact shows just an insignificant effect that is more than balance by the higher pay levels. The states that have embraced higher-than-government least wages have seen low-wage laborers salaries ascend with no negative reactions. More than 650 business analysts, including five Nobel Prize champs and six past leaders of the American Economics Association, as of late marked an announcement expressing that government and state the lowest pay permitted by law increments â€Å"can essentially improve the lives of low-salary laborers and their families, without the unfriendly impacts that pundits have claimed† (EPI 2006). End Startingâ January 1, 2002, the lowest pay permitted by law in California is $6.75 every hour it is carefully forced and executed by Law to be follow by all the organizations both open and private segments. In this Minimum Wage law there is the contrast between the state and government the lowest pay permitted by law? It expressed that most managers in California are dependent upon both the government and state the lowest pay permitted by law laws. The impact of this double inclusion is that when there are clashing necessities in the laws, the business must keep the exacting norm; the one that is the most helpful to the representative. Since California’s current law requires a higher the lowest pay permitted by law rate than does the government law, all businesses in California who are dependent upon the two laws must compensation the state the lowest pay permitted by law rate except if their workers are excluded under California law. The lowest pay permitted by law is a commitment of the business and can't be deferred by any understanding, including aggregate bartering. Also, in this law any healing enactment composed for The assurance of workers may not be damaged by understanding between the business and representative (Minimum Wage, Civil Code Sections 1668 and 3513). California law of the lowest pay permitted by law expressed that there is no qualification made among grown-ups and minors with regards to installment. Furthermore, a business may not utilize employee’s tips as a credit towards its commitment to pay the base wages On the off chance that the business doesn’t pay the representative it is additionally expressed in the law that a worker can document a claim in court against the business to recuperate the lost wages and it is the obligation of the court to arrange the business to pay the attorney’s expenses, and if your not working for this business, you can make a case for the holding up time punishment according to Minimum Wage Labor Code segment Today, the income of a full-time the lowest pay permitted by law specialist with a group of three would acquire $10,712 per year, accordingly falling beneath the authority 2006 government destitution level of $16,600. Despite the fact that the government destitution line is an insufficient proportion of the pay expected to help a family, this examination features the serious deficiency of the current the lowest pay permitted by law (Fisher 1999). At last, the profit of the lowest pay permitted by law laborers are fundamental to their families’ all out pay. While not all lowest pay permitted by law laborers are poor or are the sole provider for their families, it is striking how significant low-wage workers’ salary is to their monetary prosperity. By and large, families with influenced laborers depend on those laborers for over half (59%) of the Families’ all out profit. Almost half (46%) of all families with an influenced specialist depend entirely on the income of those laborers. References: Laws of Minimum Wage in California, Retrieved November 18, 2006 from http://www.mcmillanlaw.us/California_Overtime_Law/California_minimum_wage.htm The lowest pay permitted by law, Retrieved November 18, 2006 from http://jobsearch.about.com/od/minimumwage/a/minimumwage.htm The lowest pay permitted by law, Retrieved November 18 from Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia The lowest pay permitted by law in California, Retrieved November 18, 2006 from http://www.dol.gov/esa/minwage/america.htm ; The most effective method to refer to Minimum Wage in California Research Paper, Essays

Effect of Personality, Biases, and Organizational Factors in Management

The investigation of successful administration uncovers it is perplexing and can be a troublesome exercise in careful control even with preparing and experience. A viable supervisor should have the option to lead and rouse their group while improving the organization’s standing and their own abilities. Both cognizant and oblivious variables may decidedly or adversely influence a manager’s achievement. A manager’s character and predispositions just as authoritative culture and standards are only a portion of those variables. This paper will investigate the impacts of character, inclinations, and hierarchical factors on the job of the board using the meeting of, and the writer’s individual experience as a worker of, Chase Branch Manager, Regina Geis. Contemplations The complexities of what makes a viable administrator are various and have evoked numerous investigations bringing about a few speculations. The fundamental contemplations that will be investigated in this paper are character, predispositions, and authoritative variables. Five Factor Model. The Five Factor Model (FFM) is a broadly settled upon technique for characterizing character attributes and will be utilized with the end goal of this paper. The five variables and the related characteristics are: †¢ Openness to encounter: innovativeness, interest, and boldness †¢ Conscientiousness: order, effectiveness, and association †¢ Extraversion: active, fiery, and garrulous †¢ Agreeableness: liberality, empathy, and good faith †¢ Neuroticism: cynicism, enthusiastic insecurity, and negative feelings. Generally, these elements are measure by low to elevated levels in a person. Just a single significant level factor will be ascribed to the interviewee once survey of the meeting is performed. Inclinations. Inclinations or heuristics are assumptions that are made through differe... ...., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J.B., and Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Hierarchical Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. Diary of Management, 26 (3), 513â€563 Pronin, E. (2006). Discernment and misperception of inclination in human judgment. Patterns in Cognitive Sciences, 11(1), 37-43. Recovered from http://psych.princeton.edu/brain science/inquire about/pronin/bars/2007%20Bias%20Perception.pdf Riley, S. (2005). Herzberg's two-factor hypothesis of inspiration applied to the persuasive strategies inside money related organizations. (Senior Honors Theses, Eastern Michigan University). Recovered from commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=honors Robbins, S. P., De Cenzo, D. An., and Coulter, M. (2013). Basics of the executives (eighth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN-13: 9780132620536

More Is Less

More Is Less Less is more. We all know this saying, first popularized by minimalist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, which has been transformed into a platitude by advertisers, TV shows, and even corporate America as it right-sizes people out of their livelihoods (“We’ll have to learn to do more with less around here.” ). But is less really more? And if so, is the opposite true? Is more actually less? Questions like this may be more important than you think. The two of us enjoy taking commonly accepted truisms and trite stock phrases and flipping them on their axes, exploring the obverse side of cliches and hackneyed phrases, shedding light on the opposite sides of supposed facts. For example, what moniker does our culture often assign to a well-adjusted, ostensibly successful person? We often say that these people are anchored (“He is such an anchored person.” ). We heard this term frequently during our late twenties: we were regularly described as anchored people, and for the longest time we took this as a compliment. Then we stopped taking it at face value and asked, “What is an anchor?”  That question led us to an important discovery about our lives: an anchor is the thing that keeps a ship at bay, planted in the harbor, stuck in one place, unable to explore the freedom of the sea. Perhaps we were anchoredâ€"we knew we weren’t happy with our livesâ€"and perhaps being anchored wasn’t necessarily a good thing. In the course of time, we each identified our own personal anchorsâ€"circumstances keeping us from realizing real freedomâ€"and found they were plentiful (Joshua catalogued 83 anchors; Ryan, 54). We discovered big anchors (debt, bad relationships, etc.) and small anchors (superfluous bills, material possessions, etc.) and in time we eliminated the vast majority of those anchors, one by one, documenting our experience in our first book, Minimalism: Live a Meaningful Life. It turned out being anchored was a terrible thing: it kept us from leading the lives we wanted to lead. Not all our anchors were bad, but the vast majority prevented us from encountering lasting contentment. Are you an anchored person? Is that a good thing? What are some of your anchors? And what other axioms might you want to question? Which brings us back to our original set of questions: Is less really more? If so, is more actually less? We suggest the answer to both is yes. Owning less stuff, focusing on fewer tasks, and having less in the way has given us more time, more freedom, and more meaning in our lives. Working less allows us to contribute more, grow more, and pursue our passions much more. Having more time causes less frustration and less stress, more freedom adds less anxiety and less worry, and more meaning in our lives allows us to focus far less on life’s excess in favor of what’s truly important. So, more is less? Yes, more or less. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Role of the Cyborg in Rethinking Gender and The Nature of Human Free Essay Example, 3250 words

Prenatal diagnostic data and testing provides a similar function, and profoundly affects a pregnant woman's experience of her pregnancy and her fetus. Casper (1995) has argued that amniocentesis transforms pregnancy into a "tentative" event, contingent on the outcome of testing. And what kind of knowledge does this prenatal diagnostic data ffer pregnant women? Most significantly it will tell them whether or not their fetuses are genetically defective or monstrous. Yet, as Casper points out, "because there are currently very few treatment options for genetic diseases, prenatal diagnosis leaves pregnant women with only two "choices": abort or carry a potentially "defective" baby to term, often with significant clinical and social ramifications" (p189). We are, after all, a culture that values "perfect", rather than "monstrous" babies. While these technologies can be viewed, and indeed are surly experienced as empowering for pregnant women which offers many social and economic benefit s, Stabile has persuasively argued that paradoxically, prenatal diagnosis is able to function like this only because "the maternal space has, in effect, disappeared and what has emerged in its place is an environment that the fetus alone occupies. " (1992, p180) Ultrasound images, for example, are used to detect birth defects and "see" how many fetuses are inside the womb. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the Cyborg in Rethinking Gender and The Nature of Human or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page These foeto-centric practices that can be seen as threatening the pregnant woman's embodied agency and blurring the distinction between the physiological event of pregnancy and a woman's subjective experience of it is perhaps most strikingly represented in the practice of PMV (Post-Mortem Maternal Ventilation). In PMV brain-dead pregnant women are kept alive via intricate life-support or ventilation technologies in order to sustain the fetus until it grows to viability, at which point it is delivered. These fetuses are not transformed by any outside technology, rather it is the dead mother who is transformed into the technology that keeps the fetus alive, described by surgeons as "the best heart-lung machine available" (Casper, 1995, p196). Hartouni has argued that the discourse surrounding PMV sustains the view that motherhood is a "natural condition and a state of bodily being, rather that a deliberate social activity", in which women are reduced to "biolo gical tissue and process" (1991, p32). In this context, PMV could be seen as simply the most vivid reflection f the processes of recuperation also familiar to genetic reproductive technologies and prenatal diagnostics that are targeted at positioning reproduction within disciplinary structures, and are organized towards functionalizing women's reproductive power in line with the economic needs of contemporary society.

Ancient Penguin Discoveries and Evolution Essay - 1207 Words

Ancient Penguin Discoveries and Evolution In a recent BBC News article, Ivan Noble discusses the possibility that ancient penguins may hold the key to unlocking the mysteries behind the complicated molecular clock of evolution. Although a seemingly unlikely animal to research, prehistoric penguin remains in the Antarctic often have been the basis for study, research, as well as debate in the modern science world. Because the prehistoric relatives of the cute and cuddly modern day birds have colonies that are â€Å"characterized by high densities and high mortality†, large deposits of the subfossil bones â€Å"have been serially preserved in the cold Antarctic environment† (Lambert Ritchie), making the animals prime candidates for†¦show more content†¦The distinctive mutations, which are thought to â€Å"occur at a steady rate† (Noble), can then be traced, tracked, and recorded in the fossil record. Determining the age of the remains proved critical in the discovery. In this study, ancient penguin â€Å"guano† (an accumulation of dung) was radio-carbon dated to ensure accurate sequencing. Ages also were assigned to nucleotide sequences from bones, either because the â€Å"bones themselves were directly dated or strata from which they were isolated were dated† (Lambert Ritchie). The radiocarbon ages of Adà ©lie penguin bones demonstrate that both mitochondrial lineages were present at least 6082 years ago, and possibly as far back as 8000 years ago. Surprisingly, it is not the fossils’ themselves, or even the fossils’ old age, that makes the discovery unique. The DNA samples from these bones, however, offer valuable insight into the same molecular clock that scientists use to investigate the evolutionary history of animals. Because the â€Å"ancient DNA extracted from the frozen Adà ©lie penguin bones was of high quality† (Lambert Ritchie), scientists were able to analyze any and all major splits between the two discovered lineages. By comparing the DNA of ancient bone samples to samples from modern day living animals, researchers â€Å"constructed median networks† in order to â€Å"display relationshipsShow MoreRelatedThe discovery of The Dead Sea Scrolls Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages The discovery of The Dead Sea Scrolls was the most important archeological discovery in history, and the single most important biblical find ever. The term Dead Sea Scrolls refers to the 850+ documents, most left in fragments from the wear of time, that were discovered in the Judean desert, around Qumran. Two teenage boys one a 15-year-old Bedouin shepherd first discovered the documents. The boys were surprised to hear the sound of breaking pottery upon throwing rocks down a hole they discoveredRead MoreNeil Degrasse Tyson s Theory Of Evolution1890 Words   |  8 PagesNeil DeGrasse Tyson once said â€Å"The theory of evolution, like the theory of gravity, is a scientific fact†. 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Common Errors in English Language Learning and Use †the Philippine Context Free Essays

For half a decade, I have spent significant time working with and studying English as Second Language (ESL) learners in several contexts – online, corporate, and academic. In the course of interfacing with these different types of students, several interesting features arise in the study of the learners’ language, most especially errors in writing. In this article, I will give a brief background of the errors of the learners. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Errors in English Language Learning and Use – the Philippine Context or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also try to encapsulate some of my observations and experiences in dealing with language errors and probably suggest ways on how to appropriately address them. Hopefully, this will be an eye opener to a lot of English language teachers and practitioners that errors are important in both learning and teaching ESL. The Context The influence of mass media, which use English as a medium for communication has greatly contributed in the development of the English language in the Philippines. Several broadsheets and magazines, FM radio shows and late night newscasts in English are just a few manifestations that the language is indeed alive in the local media scene. Furthermore, the prevalence of business process outsourcing (BPO) industries is also a validation that the country is home to thousands of bilingual customer service representatives who deliver quality customer service to English-speaking clients. Philippine education, however, does not have the same story. Through the years, teachers and school administrators have tried different strategies to improve the English language proficiency of their students. But based on observation and research, there is incongruence between the strategies and the language practices in Philippine schools ; for instance, â€Å"most colleges and universities claim that their medium of instruction (MOI) is English but there is often no explicit school policy articulating this (Bernardo and Gaerlan, 2006:21). † This, in return, results in the decline of English proficiency, leaving educators and teachers with unresolved problems regarding standard policies and procedures in using the English language in the academe. On Errors and the Learners’ Language (Interlanguage) Errors are considered significant features in acquiring, learning, and teaching a second language. It has been customary for students and teachers to talk about errors in the language classroom, most especially in writing classes. Teaching professionals often feel frustrated with the quality of the language of their students’ essays. , For some, errors are signs of failure while others believe that they are indications of and opportunities to understand the very complex process of learning to communicate in a second language. One methodology in studying the learner’s error is by doing Error Analysis (EA) or â€Å"the process of determining the incidence, nature, causes and consequences of unsuccessful language† (James, 1998:1). Brown (2000:218) states that errors may result from several sources, two of which are: â€Å"interlingual errors of interference from the native language and intralingual errors within the target language, context of learning and communication strategies. To simply put it, the first kind refers to the second language errors that reflect native language structure while the second one, results in faulty structures that do not follow the standards of the target language. It is also a must to acknowledge the kind of language that learners produce in order to come up with a holistic study of the learners’ errors. Larry Selinker labels this as interlanguage or â€Å"the separateness of a second language learners’ system, a system that has a structurally inte rmediate status between the native and target languages† (1972 in Richards, 1974:31). With this, it will be easier for teachers to understand where learners are coming from and also for them to come up with possible solutions to address these errors. The Classroom Experience In the English classroom, where formal learning takes place, I have encountered several â€Å"unique experiences† in dealing with errors in academic writing. Filipino college students are very innovative in constructing English sentences that often result in several interlingual and intralingual errors. Take for instance the following excerpt from a student’s composition: Me in my friend was stranded at the gate 3 of fort Bonifacio because the jeepney cannot pass over because of the heavy flood that if we measure is in a waistline and in some place in a neckline. Me and my friend was just stay in the jeepney hoping and waiting that the rain would stop for us to go home. † It is quite obvious that the student has committed several intralingual errors such as: a. Misused pronoun (Me and my friend – My friend and I) b. Faulty capitalization (fort Bonifacio – Fort Bonifacio) c. Wrong conjunction (Me in my friend – â€Å"and†) . Incorrect verb tense (was just stay – stayed) e. Lack of punctuation (Me and my friend was just stay in the jeepney (,) hoping and waiting that the rain would stop(,) for us to go home. f. Inventing new vocabulary and usage (pass over which means â€Å"to pass through†; waistline which should be â€Å"waist deep†) The student also used her knowledge of the first language (in this case Tagalog) to write in English. For example, the compound subject â€Å"Me and my friend† is a direct translation of the Filipino phrase â€Å"Ako at ang kaibigan ko†. This is a concrete example of an interlingual error. It is really tedious to mark essays that contain numerous errors but these things must be pointed out in order to improve the language abilities of students. Moreover, by studying these kinds of errors, it will be easier to diagnose certain areas that need reinforcement. Some Possible Solutions As a teacher and researcher, I have realized that it is imperative to put utmost importance to the errors that ESL students commit in academic writing. Studying these errors may mean finding probable solutions to address them. The following are some suggestions that other teachers can do in their own classrooms: 1. Analyze and rectify the errors found in the learners’ compositions by following specific â€Å"linguistic criteria or the formal features of a language† (James, 1998:206). With this on hand, a basis for assessing and correcting the errors of students will be available. 2. After analysis, provide supplementary materials that will help reinforce language proficiency. This can be done by addressing specific areas of concern like grammar, lexis, usage, and mechanics. This will be helpful most especially to struggling students that are having difficulties in understanding the complex rules of the target language. 3. It is also a must to recognize individual differences inside and outside the classroom. Finding time to connect with students will also help in understanding the nuances of the languages that they use. Knowing how they interact and being able to cope with their interests will give the teachers several insights as regards the learners’ language. . Finally, continuous research and error analysis can lead to a development of a standard material based on empirical data. This will help address the most frequent errors that learners commit in specific linguistic areas. References: Bernardo, A. Gaerlan, M. J. (2006). Teaching in English in Philippine higher education: The case of De La Salle University-Manila. Hong Kong University. Brown, H. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching. England: Longman. James, C. (1998). Errors in language learning and use. London: Addison Wesley Longman Limited. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage in error analysis: Perspectives in second language acquisition. Jack C. Richards, (Ed. ). London: Longman Group Limited. Author’s Profile Mark Arthur Payumo Abalos teaches college English, writing (expository, research and technical), oral communication, and literature at the Far Eastern University – East Asia College and De La Salle – College of St. Benilde in Manila, Philippines. He also works as an English language program facilitator at John Robert Powers International and an IELTS consultant at the PALMS Australian Immigration Services. He used to be a full-time Educational Consultant for the Language and Literacy Programs of Scholastic Publishing. He obtained his bachelor’s degree in English Studies: Language from the University of the Philippines – Diliman. His master’s research focuses on the significance of interlanguage grammar and error analysis in developing ELT materials. You can reach him at markarthurabalos@gmail. com. How to cite Common Errors in English Language Learning and Use – the Philippine Context, Essays

The role of the Directors and ASIC-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Disucss about the Compnay's Insovency and also the role of the Directors and ASIC. Answer: Introduction: Legal definition of insolvency states that company is considered insolvent, when total of the liabilities of the company exceeds the total of the assets of the company. According to section 95A of the Corporation Act 2001, person or organization is solvent if it is possible for that person to pay all the debts at the time when they become due and payable, and person or organization is insolvent if they are not solvent (Corporation Act, 2001). This paper contains detailed discussion on companys insolvency, and also the role of the directors and ASIC in insolvency process. In this statistics related to insolvency of the Australian companies is stated and observance in this context. Subsequently, this paper states the conclusion. Discussion: As stated above, insolvency is the situation when organization is not able to pay its debts and assets of the organization are not enough to pay its liabilities. This can be understood through case law Bell Group Ltd (in liquidation) v Westpac Banking Corporation Others. In this case, court held that primary method for determining the solvency of the organization is the determination of the companys asset and liabilities. Following are some important aspects of insolvency: Signs which reflect companys insolvency: ASIC issues regulatory guide 217 in 2010, which named as Duty to Prevent Insolvent Trading: Guide for Directors. As per this guide following are some signs of the company insolvency which must be determined by the directors of the company at former stage: Company incurred loss in trading, and also face issues related to cash flow. It becomes difficult for the organization to sell their stock or raising funds. With the current financier, organization is negotiating the new limit. Legal actions against the company are commenced by the creditors and other stakeholders of the company. Reasonable measures considered by Board of directors: Directors of the company are under obligation to ensure that reasonable measures have been taken if any above stated sign reflect the insolvency. Some of these measures are stated below: Any further debt must not be incurred by the directors of the company unless any chances of restructuring and refinancing of the business occurred, and funding in the form of the equity is available for recapitalizing the business operations. Directors of the company must appoint voluntary liquidators and administrators. Directors are under obligation to ensure that interest of the creditors and other stakeholders of the company are protected in case company become insolvent or there is any risk related to insolvency. Directors must not engage in any trading with outsiders, if company becomes insolvent or there is any risk related to insolvency. Directors liability in case of insolvency: Various duties are imposed on directors in case company becomes insolvent, such as duty to prevent any trading in the company when company becomes insolvent. This duty is imposed by Section 588G of the corporation Act 2001. As per this section, directors of the company are under obligation to prevent the insolvent trading, and this section is applicable on the directors of the company and on those also who were only acting as the director of the company but in actual they are not appointed as director of the company. This can be understood through case law Hawkins v Bank of China. In this case, Court stated that the list of deemed debts and specified the situation when they occurred. Section 588G further stated that duty is imposed on director of the company from preventing the company to incurred further debt in case: Organization is insolvent at that time when debt is incurred. There is risk of insolvency on organization, if organization incurred that debt or series of debts which includes that debt also. Sufficient grounds are present which reflect the insolvency of the company in case debt is incurred by the company. This can be understood through case law Kenna Brown Pty Ltd v Kenna. In this case Court stated that objective assessment must be conducted by the directors for determining the insolvency. Contravention under this section is divided into two categories that are: In case directors of the company fail to compile section 588G which means director, fails to prevent the debt incurred by the company in that situation also when sufficient grounds are present and reflect that there is risk of insolvency, then such directors are liable under civil provision. Directors of the company held liable under criminal provisions if director fails to prevent the company from incurring debt because of any dishonest reason, and sufficient grounds are present which clearly reflect that company is already insolvent or becomes insolvent (Corporation Act, 2001). In case a director of the company fails to compile with Section 588G then following are the consequences of such failure (AICD, n.d.): Compensation order can be passed by the Court, and this order states that director is held liable towards the company at personal level to pay the compensation, and amount of compensation is the amount of loss suffered by the company (Section 588J and 1317H). Section 1317G states that pecuniary order can be passed by the Court and such order includes the amount up to $200000. This can be understood through case law ASIC v Plymin (No 1). Disqualification order under section 206 of the Act can be passed by the Court, and as per this order director of the company is disqualified to manage the company. If director of the company is held liable under criminal provisions then Court can order fine up to 2,000 penalty units or imprisonment for five years (Corporation Act, 2001). Alternative ways: In case reasonable grounds are present which reflects the risk of insolvency then directors can choose different ways and some of these ways are stated below: Professional advice can be sought by the directors of the company. Invitation can be send to the secured creditors of the company for the purpose of appointing receiver. It is the duty of director to cease the trading, and prevent the company in incurring further debt. Administrator can be appointed by the board under section 436A of the Act (Corporation Act, 2001). Difference between voluntary and involuntary intervention: Voluntary intervention is the method through which company can goes under reorganization. As per this method, external administrator is appointed by the directors and secured creditors of the company. Administrator appointed under this method is known as voluntary administrator. Voluntary administrator conduct investigation related to the affairs of the company and after this investigation he/she will send report to the creditors. This report states the clear views of the administrator on matter whether creditors choose deed of the company arrangement, liquidation, and returned the company to the directors. Voluntary administrator was appointed by the director when directors have sufficient ground to believe that there was risk of insolvency or company was already insolvent. Involuntary intervention is the method under which charge holder, liquidator, or provisional liquidator appoints the administrator. The main difference between two methods is stated below: Under voluntary administrator directors of the company are allowed to exercise similar control, but in involuntary method there is no control exercised by the directors of the company. Voluntary administration provides option to the company to restructure their business, but involuntary administration is considered as the level when there is no hope of business restructuring (Quilan, 2005). Other option: Members winding up is the option available to the company in case company does not want to choose the creditors winding up option. As per this option, special resolution is passed by the members of the company for the purpose of appointing the liquidator (ASIC, n.d.). Section 495 of the Act states that, company appointed liquidator by passing special resolution in the general meeting. Liquidator is appointed for winding up all the operations and affairs of the company and to discharge all the liabilities of the company. Section 495 of the Act further states that if any vacancy occurred in the office of the liquidator because of the death, resignation, and any other matter then members reappoint the liquidator in the general meeting for the purpose of filling the vacancy. For this section general meeting is held by the contributory or in case there are two or more liquidators then by those liquidators (Corporation Act, 2001). Insolvency Statistics in Australia: ASIC issued statistics of the last quarter of the 2016/17, and it states the increased % of the companies which opt for external administration and that increase is up to 28%. Results also show number of States in which liquidation % is increased such as in Western Australia up to 127.9%, Victoria up to 34.7% and New South Wales up to 13.1%, , and on national level it increased up to 25%. Percentage related to those companies under which administrator are appointed by the directors of the company is increase up to 35.9%, but in Victoria this rate is goes up to 57.8%, Queensland up to 28.6% and New South Wales up to 14.4% (ASIC, n.d.). Insolvency issue: In Australia, insolvency law does not considered long term gains of the companies, and it also fails in considering the assets, goodwill, competitiveness, and reasons of premature closure and liquidation. Law related to insolvency does not state any provisions which provide emphasis on restructuring of the business and any other method through which company return to profitability and protect the interest of creditors. There are many other countries in which focus is shifted on restructuring of business and not on the liquidation. There are some recommendations which can be included in the insolvency law of Australia: Law must focus on the long term plannings while decided liquidation. Protection of employees and workers at the time of liquidation of the company. Provisions which provide various options through which funds for restructuring the business can be raised (ASIC, n.d.). ASIC ROLE: Company can deregistered by ASIC, if sufficient grounds are present which state that trading is ceased by the company and fees and penalties are overdue, and these sufficient grounds are stated below: If company fails to pay its annual fee within the time period of 12 months from the date on which fee becomes due. Compliance notice is issued to the company, and company fails to submit the response of that notice and also the related documents within 18 months. Processing related to winding up is initiated and no liquidator is appointed (ASIC, n.d.). Observation: Various legislations and case laws clear the picture that provisions of corporate act 2001 related to insolvency mainly give emphasis on companys liquidation. These provisions do not consider the restructuring of the business or any other measures through which liquidation can be avoided. imposed on companies which put extra pressure on companies and also reduce the ability of company to discharge the debts of the creditor. In Ascot Community Sports Club Incorporated (in liquidation), court stated that liquidator has right to claim their cost from the company, and company was liable to pay the cost. Court further stated if liquidator incurred any other cost then also company was liable to pay it. Conclusion: After considering the above facts it is clear that directors play very important role in insolvency procedure, and it is completely in the hands of directors to ensure the interest of the creditors and other stakeholders of the company. In this paper all the issues and their measures related to insolvency are discussed and these issues and measures are supported by the legislations and case laws References: AICD. Insolvent trading. Available at: https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/~/media/cd2/resources/director-resources/director-tools/pdf/05446-6-3-duties-directors_insolvent-trading_a4-web.ashx. Accessed on 21st August 2017. Ascot Community Sports Club Incorporated (in liquidation) [2014] QSC 258. ASIC v Plymin (No 1) (2003) 175 FLR 124; 21 ACLC 700; 46, ACSR 126; [2003] VSC 123 at 777 (ACLC). ASIC, ( 2010). Duty to prevent insolvent trading: Guide for directors. Available at: https://download.asic.gov.au/media/1241384/rg217-29july2010.pdf. Accessed on 21st August 2017. ASIC. ASIC initiated deregistration of company. Available at: https://www.asic.gov.au/for-business/closing-your-company/deregistration/asic-initiated-deregistration-of-company/#ReasonsforDereg. Accessed on 21st August 2017. ASIC. Corporate insolvencies: June quarter 2017. Available at: https://download.asic.gov.au/media/4410590/201706-june-qtr-2017-summary-analysis.pdf. Accessed on 21st August 2017. ASIC. Types of Insolvency. Available at: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/insolvency/types-of-insolvency/. Accessed on 21st August 2017. Bell Group Ltd (in liq) v Westpac Banking Corporation Ors [No 9] [2008] WASC 239 (Bell). Corporation Act 2001- Section 1317G. Corporation Act 2001- Section 1317H. Corporation Act 2001- Section 206. Corporation Act 2001- Section 436A. Corporation Act 2001- Section 495. Corporation Act 2001- Section 588G. Corporation Act 2001- Section 588J. Corporation Act 2001- Section 95. Gupta, N. Insolvency laws in Australia. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook45p/InsolvencyLaws. Accessed on 21st August 2017. Hawkins v Bank of China (1992) 26 NSWLR 562; 10 ACLC, 588; 7 ACSR 349 at 572 (NSWLR). Kenna Brown Pty Ltd v Kenna (1999) 17 ACLC 1,183; 32, ACSR 432; [1999] NSWSC 533 [CL s 588G 1994]. Long v. Home Health Services, 43 Wn. App. 729, 734 (1986). Quinlan, M. (2005). Formal Reorganization in Australia. Available at: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/pdf/insol/pap15mar05.pdf. Accessed on 21st August 2017.

Childhood Friendship and Psychology

Friend is a one who shares some common interests and close bonds with an individual. Friendship is a psychological need of every individual. Researchers have proved that young kids who have friends tend to have better physical and mental health as compared to those children who do not have any friends. In this paper, we shall compare and contrast the approaches to studying children friendship undertaken by Bigelow and La Gaipa and William Corsaro.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Friendship and Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has been observed that friendship gives moral sustainability in different ways such as emotional, substantial help, and cognitive direction. Many studies have been conducted using sample groups of young individuals in order to understand interpersonal link between them but very little assessment has been made in these studies regarding liking and disliking of friends1 . Bigelow and La Gaipa undertook a research to understand the cognitive bond and friendship by studying the interpersonal bond between young children belonging to a pre-school. Based on their research, they have founded a theory, according to which it is assumed that the children consider close relationship, appraisals, and sharing common interests as something very important to them and on the basis of these factors they tend to choose their friends. However, this concept is still vague as the dimensions of liking and disliking are important and varied in every case or some other external factors also play their part in liking or disliking decisions2. William Corsaro, a well-known sociologist who has specialized in the ethnography of childrens culture, presented his perceptions about childrens friendship in both theoretical and methodological manner. Additionally, William explained that the information about liking or disliking peer is not enough to find out about the real behaviou r of children towards their any particular friend, no can judge the involvement of an individual in his or her peer on the basis of liking or disliking factor. He has used more traditional research tools in order to find out all pros and cons of childrens cognitive bonding, behaviour, and peer influence on their personal and social lives. Bigelow and La Gaipa study tends to form an understanding of the common dimensions and factors responsible for every kids friendship at pre-school, but William Corsaro did not agree with this idea that same age group kids tend to show similar behaviour towards their bonds with peers3. He observed the diversified behaviour in children based on Piagets work who evaluated young individuals’ behaviour by giving them a chance to pour liquid in the container and he observed that these kids do not have sense of measuring volume as every kid poured liquid in different proportions in the same container. Similarly, William pointed out the fact that ev ery kid is different from others and he or she perceives things according to his or her own choices and willingness.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1975, Bigelow and La Gaipa study adopted a cognitive model of sequential development in children, which they tried to find out the expectations of the children related to their friendship. Relationship is nothing without expectations because where relationship and love exists expectations are always there. It is a human psychological need that a person wants his or her friends and family members to do things what they like most and what makes them happy. Therefore, an experiment was carried out by Bigelow; he took a sample group of 480 Canadian and Scottish children and asked them to write an essay on the topic â€Å"My Expectations from Friends†. When written content was analysed it was found that children expect a lot from th eir peers. Most common factor, which has been found in their essays, was that they seek priority. It is in a sense that children expect that in a group or while choosing between two things their friends should give priority to them. Otherwise, they might tend to take revenge or they might show aggressive behaviour towards their friends. In addition, it has also been observed that when any individual fights with his or her friends or their friends do not fulfil their expectations they show an explicit change in their behaviour towards their parents and other family members as well.4 William appreciated this effort of Bigelow as it provides an account for understanding cross culture peer relationship, but according to him it was not valid for all age groups and also for children related to different backgrounds. However, Bigelow believed that cognitive characteristic of relationship may change with the passage of time but efficient values remain same forever. In addition, William shed light upon children’s perception of best friends. According to him, everyone is different from each other, so the intensity of their expectations from their friends and best friend is also different. Psychologically some people are more sensitive and possessive about their relationships as compare to those who make friends just for enjoyment and time pass. Although, during childhood children should not show possessiveness but still it is observed that some children show sensitivity towards their friendship. William explained that children consider one or two of their friends as their best ones, with whom they want to spend most of their time and they do not lose such a friend at any cost. Also, their activities play an important part in strengthening in their bond with each other. These activities mostly depend upon the time period that children spend with each other everyday like going to school together and spending night over each other’s place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Friendship and Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In relation to this type of friendship another factor came forward and that is the bond between their parents. It is because children’s friends turn into best friends when their parents also play part in it and encourage their child friendship. Whereas, on other hand Bigelow did not accept the concept of real best friend during childhood because according to him during early childhood children do not have sense to distinguish between friend and best friend5. Another, drawback which has been observed in Bigelow and La Gaipa study is that they did not try to explain the fact why children dislike some specific children around them as compared to others6. What has been the psychological reason behind their likes and dislikes? Is there any such possibility that children hate all those kids who do not share common interests with t hem or simply those who are not their friends? Although, Bigelow and La Gaipa study tends to explain behaviour and factors involved in this process, but they failed to explain it explicitly. It is because they viewed all behaviours, actions, reactions, and factors as something which is possible and common in all dimensions7. However, William studied every individuals case separately in order to provide perfect explanation of the kids friendship bond with respect to human nature and psychology. William in order to understand children’s world made a captivating and enlightening experiment in which he sat down on sand with kids, played with them, and followed their each hand movement and facial expression8. He wanted to think and look at things from their viewpoints as he wanted to explore children’s surroundings and factors affecting their behaviour. Psychologists have also emphasized on the fact that in order to bring up children in a better way it is important for pare nts to view things having their children’s perspectives. It would help to have a fresh and clear insight of their children’s behaviour and only then they would be able to bring up their children in a better way and according to their kids behavioural nature and needs. Furthermore, William has done an outstanding work in the field of ethnography, and he tried to explain relationship between special children such as deaf and dumb as well as sense of friendship between those who are handicapped either physically or mentally.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During his research, he tried to spend as much time as could with the group of children whom he wanted to study. Therefore, he spend several hours with a group of 83 children who were blind, deaf or dumb, where he found that despite of having such weaknesses they all had a sense of maintaining relationships with each other. Like all other normal kids they also like to make friends and they communicate through their sign language. Also, they all show similar behaviour as every other normal kid show depending upon his or her personal choices and natural perceptions. In addition, he also observed some mentally retarded children and he analyzed that such individuals show more sincere and honest attitude towards their friends. It is because they usually do not have any other activity to participate in; such as studying or learning. However, no evidences of such approaches have been found in Bigelow and La Gaipa study as their study mainly focused on examining different groups of children at pre-school. From the above discussion, it could be concluded that friendship is a bond which is important to have in everyones life in order to satisfy psychological needs. Two different studies presented different notions about childrens friendship and its impact on their lives. Bigelow and La Gaipa study focused on over all understanding of cognitive base of liking and disliking peers; whereas, William explained children’s friendship needs and perception from childrens point of view in order to present a clear view friendship psychology of childhood. Bibliography Bagwell, C, and M. Schmidt. Friendships in Childhood and Adolescence. New York: Guilford Press, 2011. Balter, L, and C. Tamis-LeMonda. Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues. New York: Psychology Press, 2003. Corsaro, W, and T. Rizzo. â€Å"Discussion and Friendship: Socialization Processes in the Peer Culture of Italian Nursery School Children.† American Social Review, 1988: 879-894. Corsar o, W, and L. Molinari. I compagni: Understanding Children’s Transition From Preschool to Elementary School. New York: Teachers College Press, 2005. Corsaro, W. We Are Friends, Right? Washington D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2003. Foot, H, A Chapman, and J. Smith. Friendship and Social Relations in Children. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1995. Hayes, D. â€Å"Cognitive Basis for Liking and Disliking Among Preschool Children.† Society of Research in Child Development Inc., 1978: 906-909. Footnotes 1 Balter, L, and C. Tamis-LeMonda. Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues. New York: Psychology Press, 2003. 2 Corsaro, W, and L. Molinari. I compagni:Understanding Children’s Transition From Preschool to Elementary School. New York: Teachers College Press, 2005. 3 Hayes, D. â€Å"Cognitive Basis for Liking and Disliking Among Preschool Children.† Society of Research in Child Development Inc., 1978: 906-909. 4 (Foot, H, A Chapman, and J. Smith. Frie ndship and Social Relations in Children. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1995.) 5 (Foot, H, A Chapman, and J. Smith. Friendship and Social Relations in Children. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1995.) 6 Bagwell, C, and M. Schmidt. Friendships in Childhood and Adolescence. New York: Guilford Press, 2011. 7 Corsaro, W. We Are Friends, Right? Washington D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2003. 8 Carsaro, W, and T. Rizzo. â€Å"Discussion and Friendship:Socialization Processes in the Peer Culture of Italian Nursery School Children.† American Social Review, 1988: 879-894. This essay on Childhood Friendship and Psychology was written and submitted by user Riley Saunders to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Right To Privacy

The Right To Privacy In recent years, Americans have referred to privacy as one of the basic human rights, something to be claimed by anyone, anywhere. United States citizens feel strongly about this and often tell other countries that they must honor their people's claims to privacy and personal freedom. Foreign leaders often disagree. They resent what they deem arrogant meddling by the United States. Leaders of the Soviet Union, for example, regard individual privacy as trivial when compared to the needs of the state. If the United States is to be persuasive in promoting freedom in other parts of the world, it must respect the privacy of its own citizens. Sometimes it is hard to do this because what goes on in people's private lives may seem offensive. But, according to U.S. traditions, there is a strong case to be made against legislating the private behavior of adults, so long as that behavior does not in turn violate the rights of others. Some people feel that this reasoning should hold also for marijuana. A person who smokes at home is not doing injury. The marijuana user is indulging in a minor pleasure over which that government should have no jurisdiction. It is quite clear from survey data that most people do not become physically dependent on marijuana. The majority use it as others use alcohol - to relax occasionally and to indulge a festive mood. How can a mild intoxicant, taken less than once a day by most users, be seen as a public threat? Even those who are "hooked", or psychologically dependent upon their habit, should not be penalized by the law. Some people find any compulsive and unproductive behavior disgusting. But that is not a reason for outlawing it. Consider eating, many people develop compulsive habits about food. They talk about it frequently. They spend many of their waking hours anticipating, planning, obtaining, and consuming food. This may ... Free Essays on Right To Privacy Free Essays on Right To Privacy The Right To Privacy In recent years, Americans have referred to privacy as one of the basic human rights, something to be claimed by anyone, anywhere. United States citizens feel strongly about this and often tell other countries that they must honor their people's claims to privacy and personal freedom. Foreign leaders often disagree. They resent what they deem arrogant meddling by the United States. Leaders of the Soviet Union, for example, regard individual privacy as trivial when compared to the needs of the state. If the United States is to be persuasive in promoting freedom in other parts of the world, it must respect the privacy of its own citizens. Sometimes it is hard to do this because what goes on in people's private lives may seem offensive. But, according to U.S. traditions, there is a strong case to be made against legislating the private behavior of adults, so long as that behavior does not in turn violate the rights of others. Some people feel that this reasoning should hold also for marijuana. A person who smokes at home is not doing injury. The marijuana user is indulging in a minor pleasure over which that government should have no jurisdiction. It is quite clear from survey data that most people do not become physically dependent on marijuana. The majority use it as others use alcohol - to relax occasionally and to indulge a festive mood. How can a mild intoxicant, taken less than once a day by most users, be seen as a public threat? Even those who are "hooked", or psychologically dependent upon their habit, should not be penalized by the law. Some people find any compulsive and unproductive behavior disgusting. But that is not a reason for outlawing it. Consider eating, many people develop compulsive habits about food. They talk about it frequently. They spend many of their waking hours anticipating, planning, obtaining, and consuming food. This may ...

Best Pratices for OS, FW and SELinux Coursework

Best Pratices for OS, FW and SELinux - Coursework Example Similarly, â€Å"yum update† command will be appropriate in case of a need to update an entire system (Membrey, Verhoeven & Angenendt, 2009). The yum package that comes with CentOS entails scripts for performing system-wide updates on daily basis. Users would need to enter the command su -c /sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start. This command should be followed by the root password in case a need arises to activate the daily automatic update. It is necessary that users create copies of computer files for use in cases where the original files diminish through ways like computer crash or theft (IBM, 2013). Accidents are inevitable. Therefore, it is crucial that users regularly store work documents within a backed up network server. Safety of the operating system will be easier to attain if certain password protection mechanisms are put in place. Examples of such mechanisms include regular change of passwords, users stopping the habit of sharing passwords or login ID (s) and the administrator of the operating system under use ensuring that the systems are accessed only after users have supplied matching combinations of the login credentials, automatic disabling of user accounts in case of login attempts that go past six. In case of the highly vulnerable environments, it would be appropriate using Kerberos. Kerberos will employ strong encryption coupled with complex ticket granting algorithm in authenticating users on a network and to permit streams of data over IP networks. This approach will fit environments like colleges where the implementation of other security mechanisms has remained to be a challenge. Organizations will often need firewalls to protect the confidential information from unauthorized and malicious users. Even as organizations use different access control features embedded in firewall systems to attain system

Manage Performance Management Systems Case Study

Manage Performance Management Systems - Case Study Example As the case study tells us, Samantha's performance was not satisfactory either due to a shortage in quantity or a lack of quality. The situation for strongly against Samantha and seizing the opportunity, Peter fired her. However this wasn't the best possible process to terminate an employee. Peter should have prepared Samantha ahead of the termination that her performance wasn't up to the mark and she should increase her efficiency to maintain her place in the company. This negative reinforcement would have motivated Samantha to work harder and would have warned her about what could happen. This way if her performance would not have increased, her termination would set in as an automatic process rather than a shock. Appraisal of an employee is not based solely on the output produced by that employee. Other factors such as experience of the employee, number of years served in the company, future value of the employee to the company all should come into consideration when an employee is being appraised. Peter is committing a mistake by only judging the quantity and the quality of the output. There could be a variety of reasons why Samantha's output is not up to the standard. It could be because of the type of work that is male oriented or maybe Samantha is troubled by external sources which affects her performance at work. So therefore Peter should consider factors and analyze how those factors might be affecting Samantha's performance rather than just looking at the result. Another mistake that Peter is committing here is that the decision taken is too abrupt. He should think out the termination process with more detail and information. Another thing that Peter should look into when appraising is to consult other fellow members about the person being appraised. This would help identify the problem areas and also give a better idea of the employee's situation. Q3) As mentioned earlier, Peter has not analyzed the situation clearly. He should have had prepared a full progress report on Samantha's work since she's been working with the company. Doing this would have given Peter a clearer picture about Samantha's situation and the reason for her low performance. Peter also should have given a heads-up to Samantha about her possible termination in order to prepare her for her firing. The meeting could have been held in a different manner like a personal meeting rather than just being a performance appraisal to give it a more caring look for Samantha. Not setting up a warning for Samantha, Peter has now got himself in a tangle. He wants to fire Samantha but is held back by her tears. The situation calls for a postponement for the immediate termination. Samantha should be given a time of 2 months to perform better than the standard in order to regain losses Peter had to incur because of her inefficiency. During this period Samantha must perform better or she will be fired from her current job at the company. Giving a grace period to Samantha will enable her to perform better to save her much needed job and it would also act as a warning and preparatory lesson. Case Study 12.2 Q1) Employee evaluation is an assessment of employees based on their personal characteristics and their performance at work. This evaluation needs to be friendly in order for the employees to feel at ease. Chan made quite a few mistakes in his employee evaluation. First of all Chan is too haughty

Role of Information Systems in Business

Role of Information Systems in Business A. Information system is very essential for running and managing a business today. Information technology is helpful in managing important production data and based on the data it helps the production, management, and owners of the company to better run their business and earn maximum profits. The six reasons are operational excellence; business models; customer/supplier intimacy; improved decision-making; competitive advantage, and day-to-day survival. What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its people, organization, and technology components? A. Information system is a way to collect, store and share data related to your business. This can be related to financial planning, purchasing, manufacturing, and finally sale. With the help of various programs such as SAP (System, Application, Products). The SAP system allows different areas of business to view and share pertaining information that is stored in one centralized location using its various components, such as material management-primarily used by warehouse functions related to purchasing, finance-primarily used by the finance department etc. From my readings, I have learned that the people component relates to solving issues such as training, management behavior, and job attitudes. I have also learned that the organization component relates to the specialty of functions that individuals perform business procedures, business culture, and the organizations hierarchy. Technology component relates to the companys computer system, data management, telecommunicating, intern et, and intranet. Information system literacy helps employees store data and information that relates to their job performance. Computer literacy is important to understand the various programs that are used in the information system. Internet is a service that helps stay connected with the world, your customers, and your stockholders. With a World Wide Web address, which is generally accessible via the internet, you can sell products that your company produces, with only one centralized warehousing facility, eliminating multiple warehousing costs. How will information systems affect business careers and what information system skills and knowledge are essential? A. The role of information systems is very important for careers in accounting, finance, marketing management, and operations management. An information system helps each career in different ways to achieve one common company goal, which is to be profitable. New technologies in the information systems are helping businesses be more productive, cut operating costs, manage efficiently, and earn maximum profit. However, countries like, India, Japan, and China who have developed their information systems and have a large highly qualified work force that is much cheaper in labor costs are causing local businesses to outsource some part of their business and its functions to those countries. How do information systems support the major business functions: sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human resources? A. Sales and marking systems are helpful in indentifying customer base for your products that your company sales. The data related to demand helps market appropriate products to their respective markets. This helps achieving maximum sales and profit from the sales. Manufacturing and production system deals with planning, development, and production part of the product your company manufactures. This system also helps plan and maintain the flow of production to avoid over or under production to meet consumer demands on a consistent basis. Finance and accounting systems help keep track of funds and the use of funds related to manufacturing and sale of products produced. It also helps track the profits and losses. Human resource system helps maintaining employee personal and professional records, track their skill levels, job performance, and any required training to keep your staff up to date with the latest technology. This system is also used to employee compensation and their career development. How do systems serve the various levels of management in a business and how are these systems related? A. Operational management level uses the system for transaction processing system (TPS), for example, payroll, and order processing. Middle management uses the decision-support systems, this helps take decisions related to production, workforce etc. These are not a very complex or analytical. However, executive support systems are very analytical. They are generally in the forms of graphs and charts that are delivered by presentations to senior management to make executive level decisions. How do enterprise applications, collaboration and communication systems, and intranets improve organizational performance? A. There are multiple applications in the enterprise. I am going to define each of them individually. Enterprise applications are a group of functions tied into one software system to help improve synchronizing, efficiency, and decision-making. These applications are designed to coordinate multiple functions that are used in a business. Supply chain management system is helpful for material management, resource planning, manufacturing, and delivering final products and services to the sales channel or in some cases directly to the customers. Customer relationship management is a part of information system, and is used to plan and communicate business processes to its customers to help obtain maximum revenue and customer satisfaction. Collaboration and communications systems are a part of knowledge management system. They help enable companies to optimize their product creation, sharing, and distribution of product knowledge. Intranet is a part of web page that is only available for i nternal company use. The company can also have an Internet site, which is available to access for anyone with World Wide Web access. Often times companies that sale their products directly to the consumers, use Internet as a major part of their sales system. Companies also have Extranets that are available for use to the companies vendors for the access related to material management, ordering raw material etc. What is a role of the information systems function in a business? A. Information systems function in a business is usually the technology department in a business. This department is also known as Information Technology (IT). These groups of professionals are responsible for maintaining the hardware, software, data storage, network that the company uses for its infrastructure.

Lennie and George in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay

Lennie and George are considerably different from the other ranch workers mainly unlike the workers who are all shown to be lonely, George and Lennie have each other. They relay on each other and their dreams together. There is a bond of trust and friendship between the two main characters which is tragically highlighted in the closing lines of the novel. The novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck is set in the early 1930’s following the collapse of the New York wall street market known as the depression years. In this time there was heavy unemployment; migrant workers from all over America came to California where the novel is set in the Salinas valley in search of prospects of work. The ranch itself is a microcosm of the life for migrant workers in that time, their insecurities are shown through the characters such as Curley, Candy, Curley’s wife and also the life of Black people through Crooks. All the characters are lonely except for Lennie and George who have each other and this is shown through their hopes and dreams. Lennie and Georges history together opens up when George talks to Slim a character that everyone respects, even Curley. George openly speaks to Slim about the incident when George tells Lennie to jump into the river jokingly, but to everyone’s surprise Lennie jumps in without questioning George not realising he cannot swim and almost drowns if George didn’t rescue him, even then Lennie thanks George for saving him even though it was George who told him to do it in the first place. At this point George’s fear is shown at Leannie’s inability to comprehend logical and illogical things, George realises at that moment that if he is not careful Lennie could do the wrong thing again. George’s other fears are also shown in the incident at weed, while talking about it to slim he describes Lennie being ‘slow’ as he likes to touch everything he likes, just wants to feel it. So he reaches to feel a girls red dress and the girl screams, Lennie gets scared all he can think to do is hold on and that George had to hit him with a fence picket to make him let go. Again Lennie’s strength becomes an issue and the writer almost foretelling the future. George is afraid of Lennie not understanding right from wrong and his strength scares George making him think that he might to  what he did at weed again. Lennie is shown to be a child in a mans body . throughout the book he wants to be told their dream almost like a bed time story and doesn’t feel closure until he has been told it. And again like a child he likes soft and fury things relating to the reason why he likes to touch dresses. Lennie’s greatest fear of the all is that he won’t be able to tend the rabbits if he did something wrong like the incident at weed again, he is also afraid of his own strength and not being able to let go. Lennie and George’s dream of having a place of their own ‘living of the fat of the land’ and Lennie and his alfalfa patch and tending the rabbits, keep’s them going and hoping that they won’t have to worry about Lennie doing the wrong things again, and George being able to do what he wants do and not think about what will happen to Lennie. Their dreams create hope for other characters like Candy and Crooks even for a short while. On the face of it, it appears that Lennie, because of his mental immaturity, is totally reliant upon George for his survival and for obtaining work at various ranches. Equally important however, is the extent to which George relies on Lennie for companionship in the generally unfriendly and lonely environment of the migrant labourer. As George admits to Slim when discussing himself and Lennie ‘it’s a lot nicer to go around with a guy you know’. It can be seen; therefore that George might not be with Lennie purely out of a sense of pity or duty to Lennie’s aunt Clara. From the start of the novel Steinbeck raises the questions in the minds of the reader about why these characters should be involved in such an unlikely partnership: George is short of stature, intelligent and projects self-confidence, Lennie on the other hand, is a giant of a man, ponderous in his gait and his mind of a young child. The course of events that unfold are tragic, most of it starts with Curley and his insecurity about his height and his always willing to pick a fight with bigger men to prove he is not weak. Steinbeck calls him calculating and  pugnacious and gives him reptilian animal like qualities representing his behaviour to a crocodile while Lennie is shown to have bear and horse like qualities compared to animals with admirable traits. Ch 3 begins when Curley busts in looking for Slim who he thinks is with his wife. When Slim re-enters the room telling Curley that he’s sick of Curley asking him about his wife. Curley can’t fight with Slim so he moves to Carlson who warns him not to pick a fight with him, as they all join in Curley feels defenceless and so turns on to Lennie given any excuse to fight with him. As Curley begins to fight him, Lennie gives out a cry of terror and turns to George for help as he was too frightened to defend himself. George immediately gets onto his feet yelling ‘Give it to him Lennie, don’t let him do it’. George was afraid of Lennie’s strength but he wouldn’t let Lennie go down like that he was protective over him. As Curley goes for another blow to the blood covered face, Lennie grabs his fist. Curley is described to be flopping as a fish. Then just like in weed Lennie held on to the closed fist being crushed by Lennie’s hand. It took both George and Slim to make Lennie let go. Curley was warned not to say a word about what happened. After this Curley’s wife became very interested in what happened actually happened to Curley’s hand but nobody spoke to her. When Lennie kills the pup in the barn, while wondering what to do Curley’s wife comes in. even though he shouldn’t talk to her he does, she tells him how she is lonely and just wants someone to talk too, also how unhappy she is in her marriage to Curley, this is the only point in the novel where her story comes out, how she was never loved at home, how she married Curley to get away from her life, her dreams of becoming famous in movies. As Lennie feels her hair vents repeat themselves he can’t let go and in her struggle to get free and Lennie’s fear that she will call George he breaks her neck in attempt to silence her again his inability to control his strength has taken a turn for the worst. He realises what he has done and remembers that if he did anything bad George said to go to the brush where he’d find him there, so Lennie quickly and quietly leaves. Candy is the first to find her in the barn and gets George who knows instantly what has  happened he tells candy to let him go to the bunk house first then tell the rest of them so he doesn’t look involved. There dream is destroyed and candy blames Curley’s wife, when he tells the rest of them Curley shows no sign of remorse all he can do is think about getting Lennie back. As they all take off to find Lennie, George manages to find him first by the lake; even now he is still afraid he won’t be able to tend the rabbits. George knows that there is no way out for them, knowing Curley he would just want to kill him he wouldn’t put him in jail, and if he let him go the Lennie couldn’t look after himself he would die without food, shelter and someone to look after him. George knew that he would have to kill him when he found Lennie. Just like Candy’s dog to put him out of his misery for the sake of Lennie. Also he couldn’t let someone else do it he told Lennie about their dream one last time as he told it he quietly put the gun to the back of Lennie’s head without him realising and shot him, it was a sympathy kill. At the end it is Slim who comforts him in telling George that he had to do it. Bibliography: Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

Journey to the Centre of the Earth

Themes There are a few themes in the novel, Journey to the Centre of the Earth. The first theme is achieving one’s dream. Professor Lidenbrock shows that with determination, one can achieve one’s dream. So when he got an opportunity to do so in making the  journey to the centre of the Earth, he seized it immediately. At the end of this novel, he successfully completed the journey. Second theme is facing challengers with perseverance and courage. Many times during the journey, the travelers faced challengers.For example, Axel wanted to turn back but the Professor and Hans persevered till Hans courageously explored the cave to look for a stream. Third theme is facing difficulties with optimism. Axel lost hope many times and wanted to give up. Fortunately, his uncle was full of optimism throughout the journey. For example, when they went through the chasm of fire, his uncle believed they were on their way back to the surface. He was right. His optimism kept them going ti ll they completed the  journey. Moral ValuesIn the novel, Journey to the Centre of the earth, the moral value I have learned is we should practice co-operation, obedience and loyalty when doing work as a group. Professor Otto Lidenbrock, Axel and Hans undertook the journey to the centre of the earth. They were unsure of  what they would see and the dangers they would face. To make sure they were safe, they worked together and looked after each other. Hans saved Axel when he almost fell into the pit from a tunnel. Hans made the effort to look for water to save them.He made the raft for them to sail across the sea. Axel did everything his uncle expected of him. There was co-operation, obedience and loyalty. Synopsis In the novel, Journey to the Centre of the earth, Professor Lidenbrock discovers a coded message in an ancient  manuscript about a way to get into the centre of the Earth through a mountain in Iceland. After decoding the message, Lidenbrock and Axel set off to Icelan d to begin their journey to the centre of the Earth. They hire an Icelandic guide, Hans Bjelke to help them on their journey.When they enter the volcanic crater, they face several difficulties and see a lot of strange things, including prehistoric life. They build a raft and set sail on the ocean and reach a coastline. They are swept into a large vent filling with water and magma and are ejected onto the surface. When they regain consciousness, they find out that they are on the island of Stromboli in Italy. They return home to Germany. In Germany they are treated like heroes and Professor Lidenbrock's achievements are recognized. Axel marries Gretchen, and Hans eventually returns to Iceland.Charaters Professor Otto Lidenbrock Professor Otto Lidenbrock is a middle aged eccentric dedicated scientist. He had an intense scientific curiosity. After reading the runic script, he was decided to make the journey to the centre of the Earth. Once he had decided to do it, he pursued it till it was accomplished. He was concerned for Axel through the journey. When Axel wanted to give up and turn back, hepersevered Axel to continue the journey. At the end of this novel, He succeeded in making the journey and returned to Hamburg a hero.Professor Otto Lidenbrock became a well-known scientist internationally acclaimed. Axel Lidenbrock Axel Lidenbrock was Professor Lidenbrock’s young nephew. He had a girlfriend by the name of Gretchen. At times, he was helpful to his uncle. It was him who found the secret to decode the message in the script. Later, he found the message on the back of the paper he was holding. Though he had misgivings about the journey his uncle wanted to embark, his loyalty to him made him go with his uncle.However, he could not endure the hardships of  discovery. Many time he wanted to give up and return home. Hans Bjelke Hans Bjelke was an Icelandic guide who was reliable and brave. He was a strong and reliable man, he spoke few words. He was good at his job as a guide. Being resourceful, he always had the things needed. When they had to climb down the cave, he had the ropes ready for them to do it. Through his help, Axel and his uncle succeeded in completing the journey.

Maps In The Renaissance Period - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 878 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Renaissance Essay Did you like this example? When one takes 3d objects and transforms them to 2d representation, choices always have to be made. Information is transformed, distorted, or left out. These choices tell a story about what is important to the curator of this information. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Maps In The Renaissance Period" essay for you Create order In maps, this inherent bias is sometimes subconscious, and other times is used and abused to sell certain ideals to viewers. Michael Wintle says in his article Renaissance Maps and the Construction of the Idea of Europe that It is no longer controversial to maintain that maps are a form of discourse, that they represent viewpoints, opinions, aspirations and statements to their readers, who in turn interpret the data which maps present. Maps are interpretations of ?facts, and often contain ideological and rhetorical devices. In this sense, they can document a social history of power, especially power over space. This dynamic emerged as maps developed in and through the Renaissance and beyond. In the 1320s, Fra Paolino Veneto created one of the first maps of Rome. He shows the city with a number of faintly recognizable and often labeled monuments (like the colosseum, towers, aqueducts, and St. Peterrs Basilica) as well as geographical features (Romers famed hills, the Tiber River), all contained within a regularized oblong circuit of crenellated walls. It was not scaled and had no references to measured data, and the monuments and roads only had a slight resemblance to the actual layout and architecture of the city. It was portrayed in an ideogrammatic view, which presented the town as a collection of isolated monuments within a schematic rendering of the walls. Through this vague representation, these maps could become up to varying interpretations. Around 1485, Rosselli created a large pictorial view of Rome that became the foremost map of Rome for almost century. The original is only known through copies, but some aspects can be gathered. It portrayed Rome in a dense cityscape, giving a sense of life, as contrary to the ideogrammatic view that Veneto had created. The view is from the Northwest and features many prominent landmarks, quite a few of which are emphasized by being much larger than actual size. This created a bias towards these landmarks in a bid to bring in more visitors to the capitol through showing off the culture and grand history of the city. One of the successors of Rossellirs engraving was the Mantua Canvas. The painting favored ancient monuments by highlighting them in white and making them larger than more recent Renaissance construction, with much more detail. While this emphasis in Rossellirs engraving was for the purposes of promoting Rome as a grand cultured city, the emphasis of old monuments in the Mantua Canvas was twisted for a political message. An inscription on the map reads How great Rome once was, now only the ruins show. This portrait of the city was created to hang in the Mantuan Palace. Maier states In the context of a hall of state like the Ducal Palace in Mantua, this city portrait was carefully tailored to make a political statement. Although the Gonzaga court had no claims to Rome, the view shows their emblem, the eagle, emblazoned next to the flag of Rome In this way, the rulers of Mantua took symbolic possession of the Eternal City. A few years later, Bufalini created a plan that was the most accurate since ancient times. The map was a unique combination and synthesis of the physical fabric of modern Rome and a glorious specter of ancient ?caput mundi. Caput mundi meant Rome as capital of the world. This sentiment was often echoed in art of the Renaissance as it heavily romanticised Rome. Bufalini was following numerous architects and artists who were, according to Claudio Tolomei, trying to draw from the grave the Rome that is already dead, and give her new life. Through his portrayal, Bufalini looked to unite the past and the present, and his map took pictoralism from his portrayal. In inscriptions on his map, he said his image offered viewers the true essence of Rome. He wrote in the lower left margin that The city which today is inhabited, he [Bufalini] has placed before your eyes, except that he has also added the old, once mistress of the whole world, brought back as if from the grave. The map not only included the present and past buildings, but also others that hadnt been built, therefore collapsing past, present, and future cityscapes. The map was more accurate in the abiato, or urban center, and it looks like Bufalini had measured major streets before sketching in the positions of smaller roads. In the farther out parts of Rome, the disabiato, it was less accurate. The buildings of Bufalinirs time, in the process of renewal, were hidden and instead exaggerated and restored ruins were rebuilt in a bid for nostalgia, much like other maps. Though the disabiators rhetoric was more clear, there was also a message in the abiato. The center of the map held a largely exaggerated statue of Emperor Constantine, a symbol of Romers victory and Christian identity. Maier describes this as a visual summation of Renaissance Romers self-definition as the Christian revival and culmination of antiquity. This is reinforced by the way that St. Peterrs Basilica was depicted on the map.